{"id":17343,"date":"2025-11-12T12:27:56","date_gmt":"2025-11-12T09:27:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/amasra.com.tr\/?p=17343"},"modified":"2025-11-12T12:27:56","modified_gmt":"2025-11-12T09:27:56","slug":"amasranin-eski-ismi-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/amasra.com.tr\/ar\/amasranin-eski-ismi-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Amasra’n\u0131n eski ismi nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"AMASRA TOPON\u0130M\u0130S\u0130N\u0130N TAR\u0130HSEL KATMANLARI: ESK\u0130 \u0130S\u0130MLER\u0130N ET\u0130MOLOJ\u0130K VE POL\u0130T\u0130K K\u00d6KENLER\u0130 \u00dcZER\u0130NE RAPOR<\/b><\/h1>\nAmasra Toponimisinin Tarihsel ve Co\u011frafi \u00c7er\u00e7evesi<\/b><\/h2>\n
Amasra (Antik Amastris), T\u00fcrkiye’nin Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, antik Paphlagonia b\u00f6lgesinde yer alan, Bart\u0131n \u0130li’ne ba\u011fl\u0131 stratejik bir liman kentidir.<\/span>1<\/span> Kentin co\u011frafi yap\u0131s\u0131, toponimi katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve zenginli\u011fini do\u011frudan etkilemi\u015ftir. Amasra, dar bir bo\u011faz (antik kay\u0131tlarda genellikle bir yar\u0131mada olarak an\u0131l\u0131r) vas\u0131tas\u0131yla anakaraya tutunan bir yar\u0131mada \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015ftur ve bu konum ona iki farkl\u0131 liman kullanma imkan\u0131 sunmu\u015ftur.<\/span>3<\/span> Bu \u00e7ift liman yap\u0131s\u0131, tarih boyunca kenti ticari ve askeri a\u00e7\u0131dan s\u00fcrekli bir cazibe merkezi haline getirmi\u015f, bu durum da farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve politik g\u00fc\u00e7lerin b\u00f6lgeye hakim olmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\nAmasra’n\u0131n isimlendirme tarihi, Anadolu’daki medeniyetler aras\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel s\u00fcreklilik ve yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmelerin somut bir kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r. Kentin isimlendirme s\u00fcreci, tarihsel s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u015fu katmanlardan olu\u015fur: \u00d6n-Helen yerle\u015fimi (Sesamos) $\\rightarrow$ Helenistik siyasi ba\u015fkent (Amastris) $\\rightarrow$ Bizans\/Ceneviz ticareti d\u00f6nemindeki varyasyonlar (Amastri\/Samastro) $\\rightarrow$ ve son olarak Osmanl\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti d\u00f6nemi fonetik adaptasyonu (Amasra). Bu raporun temel amac\u0131, bu toponimi katmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan en eski iki ismi\u2014Sesamos ve Amastris\u2014etimolojik k\u00f6kenleri ve isimlerin verili\u015findeki tarihsel, politik motivasyonlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan detayl\u0131ca analiz etmektir.<\/span><\/p>\nII. Sesamos (\u03a3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2): Antik \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n En Erken Ad\u0131 ve K\u00f6ken Meseleleri<\/b><\/h2>\n
Amasra’n\u0131n tarihsel kay\u0131tlarda ge\u00e7en bilinen en eski ismi <\/span>\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633<\/b>‘tur (Yunanca: $\\Sigma\\acute{\\eta}\\sigma\\alpha\\mu o\\varsigma$).<\/span>1<\/span> Bu ismin kronolojisi, Miletos’un M\u00d6 7. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki kolonizasyon giri\u015fimlerinden bile \u00f6nceye, b\u00f6lgenin yerel halklar\u0131na uzanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\nA. Sesamos Ad\u0131n\u0131n Antik Kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve Kronoloji<\/b><\/h3>\n
Sesamos isminin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi en erken ve en \u00f6nemli edebi kaynak, Homeros’un M\u00d6 8. y\u00fczy\u0131la (ya da yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi M\u00d6 7. y\u00fczy\u0131l) ait oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0630\u0629<\/span><\/i> adl\u0131 eseridir.<\/span>1<\/span> Homeros, Sesamos’u Paphlagonia b\u00f6lgesindeki Paphlagonial\u0131lar ve vah\u015fi kat\u0131rlar\u0131 me\u015fhur olan Enetler ile ili\u015fkilendirerek anmaktad\u0131r.<\/span>5<\/span> Bu durum, ismin Helenistik \u00e7a\u011fda siyasi bir eylemle verilen Amastris ad\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha eski, b\u00f6lgenin yerel halklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan bir toponim oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Her ne kadar kentin M\u00d6 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Miletos’un bir kolonisi olarak kuruldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lsa da <\/span>5<\/span>, ne yaz\u0131k ki bu kadar eski d\u00f6nemlerde kentin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesin olarak kan\u0131tlayacak arkeolojik buluntular hen\u00fcz s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>6<\/span><\/p>\nB. Sesamos Etimolojisi: Halk Etimolojisi ve Dilbilimsel Derinlik<\/b><\/h3>\n
Sesamos isminin k\u00f6keni, uzun s\u00fcredir etimolojik tart\u0131\u015fmalara konu olmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n1. Halk Etimolojisi: Susam Bitkisi Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131<\/b><\/h4>\n
En yayg\u0131n halk etimolojisi ve baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin Eyice) \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc teori, Sesamos ad\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Boztepe adas\u0131 (halk aras\u0131nda P\u00f6stepe) \u00fczerinde dahi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen susam bitkisinden ($\\sigma\\acute{\\eta}\\sigma\\alpha\\mu o\\nu$) geldi\u011fi iddias\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>6<\/span> Bu yorum, ismin Yunanca <\/span>s\u0113samum<\/span><\/i> kelimesiyle fonetik benzerli\u011fine dayan\u0131r.<\/span>7<\/span><\/p>\n2. Derin K\u00f6kenler ve Ele\u015ftiri<\/b><\/h4>\n
Ancak Sesamos’un bulundu\u011fu Paphlagonia b\u00f6lgesi, Hititlerin de kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Luvi gibi \u00d6n-Helen Anadolu dillerinin etkisinde bir aland\u0131r.<\/span>2<\/span> Dilbilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan, “susam” kelimesinin (\u0130ngilizce <\/span>sesame<\/span><\/i>, Yunanca <\/span>s\u0113samon<\/span><\/i>) kendisi Hint-Avrupa dillerine ait de\u011fildir. Bu kelime, Latinceye Yunanca \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7mi\u015f olup, nihai olarak Eski Aramice (<\/span>\u0161\u016b\u0161\u0161m\u0101<\/span><\/i>) veya Akkadca’ya (<\/span>\u0161ama\u0161\u0161amm\u016b<\/span><\/i> – kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla “ya\u011f bitkisi”) kadar uzanan bir Mezopotamya k\u00f6kenine sahiptir.<\/span>7<\/span><\/p>\nBu durum, Sesamos ad\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kenine dair \u00f6nemli bir ele\u015ftiri noktas\u0131 sunar: E\u011fer Sesamos, Akkadca’dan t\u00fcreyen bir kelime olsayd\u0131, bu, kent i\u00e7in al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k bir durum olurdu. Bu nedenle, daha olas\u0131 bir senaryo, Sesamos’un, Grek kolonizasyonu \u00f6ncesinde var olan, belki de yerel Paphlagonca veya bir Anadolu diline ait bir toponim oldu\u011fudur.<\/span>6<\/span> Yunan yerle\u015fimciler b\u00f6lgeye geldi\u011finde, bu yerel ismi kendi dillerindeki bilinen ve fonetik olarak benzeyen Akkadca\/Aramice k\u00f6kenli <\/span>susam<\/span><\/i> kelimesiyle ili\u015fkilendirerek fonetik ve semantik bir adaptasyon (yani halk etimolojisi) ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Homeros’un referans\u0131, bu ismin Greklerin b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fmesinden \u00e7ok \u00f6nce var oldu\u011funu do\u011frularken, ismin as\u0131l k\u00f6keninin \u00d6n-Helen Anadolu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ait olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lenmektedir. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel adaptasyon mekanizmas\u0131, kentin kurucusunun Miletoslular de\u011fil, Homeros zaman\u0131ndan beri var olan yerel halklar oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/span>5<\/span><\/p>\nIII. Amastris (\u1f0c\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2): Kurucu Krali\u00e7e ve Hellenistik Devrim<\/b><\/h2>\n
Sesamos isminin kullan\u0131m\u0131, M\u00d6 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, Paphlagonia’daki siyasi yap\u0131lanman\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle son bulmu\u015ftur. Kentin as\u0131l \u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc ve modern ismine temel te\u015fkil eden <\/span>\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/b> ad\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131, Helenistik d\u00f6nemin stratejik bir siyasi eyleminin sonucudur.<\/span><\/p>\nA. Synoikismos Olay\u0131 ve Kentin Kurulu\u015fu<\/b><\/h3>\n
Kentin Amastris ad\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k M\u00d6 301 y\u0131l\u0131nda, kentin kurucusu olan Pers Prensesi ve Krali\u00e7e Amastris taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir <\/span>synoikismos<\/span><\/i> (birle\u015ftirme) eylemi ile do\u011frudan ili\u015fkilidir.<\/span>5<\/span> Synoikismos<\/span><\/i>, Helenistik d\u00f6nemde birden fazla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yerle\u015fimin tek bir b\u00fcy\u00fck idari ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel merkezde birle\u015ftirilmesi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Amastris’in kurucu eylemi kapsam\u0131nda d\u00f6rt Paphlagonia yerle\u015fimi birle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir: <\/span>\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633<\/b>, <\/span>Kromna<\/b>, <\/span>Kytoros<\/b> \u0648 <\/span>Tion<\/b>.<\/span>5<\/span><\/p>\nBu birle\u015ftirme eylemi, Amastris’i co\u011frafi bir liman kasabas\u0131ndan b\u00f6lgesel bir ba\u015fkente d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Amastris isminin se\u00e7ilmesi, bir yerin co\u011frafi tan\u0131m\u0131ndan (Sesamos), kurucunun g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc siyasi kimli\u011finin yans\u0131mas\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015fi temsil eder. <\/span>Synoikismos<\/span><\/i> eylemi, Krali\u00e7e Amastris’in Hellenistik d\u00fcnyadaki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve kendi hanedan\u0131n\u0131 kurma arzusunu simgeler.<\/span><\/p>\nB. Kurucu Krali\u00e7e Amastris’in Siyasi Kimli\u011fi<\/b><\/h3>\n
Krali\u00e7e Amastris (yakla\u015f\u0131k M\u00d6 340-285), B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemin (Diadokhlar d\u00f6nemi) en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kad\u0131n fig\u00fcrlerinden biridir ve ismini \u015fehre verme karar\u0131, onun Pers soyunun ve siyasi otonomisinin bir manifestosudur.<\/span>10<\/span><\/p>\n1. Pers Soylulu\u011fu ve Evlilikler<\/b><\/h4>\n
Amastris, son Pers Kral\u0131 III. Darius Codomannus’un erkek karde\u015fi olan Oxyathres’in k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r, yani Ahameni\u015f hanedan\u0131ndan gelmektedir.<\/span>10<\/span> Ailesi M\u00d6 333’te \u0130skender’e teslim olmu\u015ftur.<\/span>10<\/span> Siyasi ya\u015fam\u0131, \u0130skender’in generalleriyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 stratejik evliliklerle \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- \u0130lk olarak \u0130skender’in generallerinden Craterus ile evlenmi\u015ftir.<\/span>10<\/span><\/li>\n
- Daha sonra, ilk kocas\u0131n\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131yla Heraclea Pontika (Bug\u00fcn Karadeniz Ere\u011fli) Tiran\u0131 Dionysius ile evlenmi\u015f ve ondan \u00e7ocuklar d\u00fcnyaya getirmi\u015ftir.<\/span>10<\/span><\/li>\n
- Dionysius’un M\u00d6 305’teki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015ftaki o\u011fullar\u0131 ad\u0131na \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l boyunca Heraclea Pontika’y\u0131 naibe olarak y\u00f6netmi\u015ftir.<\/span>10<\/span><\/li>\n
- M\u00d6 302 civar\u0131nda, yine \u0130skender’in generallerinden biri olan Lysimachus ile evlilik yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span>10<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Krali\u00e7e Amastris, Heraclea’y\u0131 y\u00f6netirken kendi ad\u0131na para (sikke) bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bu sikkeler \u00fczerinde AMASTRIA ismi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir ve kentin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair en somut arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/span>5<\/span><\/p>\n2. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel S\u00fcreklilik ve Me\u015fruiyet<\/b><\/h4>\n
Amastris kenti, kurulduktan sonra Hellenistik d\u00f6nem boyunca Pontus Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakimiyetinde kalm\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan M\u00d6 66’da Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun Pontus et Bithynia Eyaletine dahil olmu\u015ftur.<\/span>5<\/span> \u0130lgin\u00e7tir ki, kentin Helenistik ve Roma d\u00f6nemlerinde (\u00f6zellikle Caracalla ve Trajan d\u00f6nemi) bas\u0131lan sikkelerinde, kentin antik Sesamos miras\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Homeros betimlemeleri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span>6<\/span> Bu durum, yeni kimlik Amastris’in bile, kentin sayg\u0131n ve derin k\u00f6keniyle (Sesamos\/Homeros referans\u0131) me\u015fruiyetini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme \u00e7abas\u0131nda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h1>\nIV. Amastris (\u1f0c\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2) \u0130sminin Eski Pers\u00e7e Etimolojisi: Dilsel Derinlik<\/b><\/h2>\n
Amastris isminin sadece politik bir isim de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda Ahameni\u015f Pers soylulu\u011funun dilsel miras\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan derin bir etimolojiye sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\nA. \u0130sim Formlar\u0131 ve K\u00f6ken Dili<\/b><\/h3>\n
\u0130sim, Antik Yunanca formunda \u1f0c\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 (\u00c1mastris) olarak ge\u00e7er.<\/span>12<\/span> Ancak R\u00fcdiger Schmitt gibi \u0130ranoloji uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, ismin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan Eski Pers\u00e7e (Old Persian) oldu\u011funu kesin olarak ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/span>11<\/span><\/p>\nB. Etimolojik Analiz: <\/b>$\\ast$<\/b>Am\u0101str\u012b-<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n
Akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, ismin Eski Pers\u00e7e’deki <\/span>$\\ast$<\/b>Am\u0101str\u012b-<\/i><\/b> proto-formunu yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmektedir.<\/span>11<\/span> Bu isim, iki temel Eski Pers\u00e7e bile\u015fenden olu\u015fur:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Birinci Bile\u015fen ($\\ast$<\/b>ama-<\/i><\/b>):<\/b> Bu k\u00f6k, Eski Pers\u00e7e’de ve Avesta dilinde “g\u00fc\u00e7, kuvvet, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc” anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Avesta’daki <\/span>Ha\u03b4\u014dxt nask 2.9<\/span><\/i>‘da ge\u00e7en <\/span>amay\u01e1<\/span><\/i> kelimesiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>11<\/span><\/li>\n
- \u0130kinci Bile\u015fen ($\\ast$<\/b>str\u012b-<\/i><\/b>):<\/b> Bu k\u00f6k, Eski Pers\u00e7e’de “kad\u0131n, di\u015fi” anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/span>11<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Bu bile\u015fenlerin birle\u015fimi sonucunda, Amastris isminin b\u00fct\u00fcnsel anlam\u0131 <\/span>“G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Kad\u0131n”<\/b> veya “Kudretli Di\u015fi” olarak terc\u00fcme edilir.<\/span>13<\/span><\/p>\nBu etimolojik k\u00f6ken, Amasra’n\u0131n ana isminin bir Anadolu veya Yunan tan\u0131m\u0131ndan ziyade, do\u011frudan Ahameni\u015f hanedan\u0131ndan gelmesinin \u00f6nemini vurgular. Bu durum, Helenistik d\u00f6nem Anadolu’sunda Pers k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve soylulu\u011funun siyasi prestijini korudu\u011funu, hatta Krali\u00e7e Amastris’in naibe olarak y\u00f6netirken kendi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve otonomisini bu anlaml\u0131 toponimi \u00fczerinden ilan etti\u011fini g\u00f6steren g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kan\u0131tt\u0131r.<\/span>10<\/span><\/p>\nAmastris \u0130sminin Etimolojik Bile\u015fenleri (Eski Pers\u00e7e)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h1>\n
\n\n\n| Bile\u015fen<\/b><\/td>\n | Antik Dil<\/b><\/td>\n | Anlam<\/b><\/td>\n | Kullan\u0131m Ba\u011flam\u0131<\/b><\/td>\n | \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Am\u0101str\u012b-<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n | Eski Pers\u00e7e (Proto-form)<\/span><\/td>\n | G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Kad\u0131n<\/span><\/td>\n | Krali\u00e7e Amastris’in ad\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n | 11<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| ama-<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n | Eski Pers\u00e7e \/ Avesta<\/span><\/td>\n | G\u00fc\u00e7, G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, Kuvvet<\/span><\/td>\n | Kuvvet veya kudret belirten k\u00f6k<\/span><\/td>\n | 11<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| str\u012b-<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n | Eski Pers\u00e7e<\/span><\/td>\n | Kad\u0131n, Di\u015fi<\/span><\/td>\n | Cinsiyet belirten son ek<\/span><\/td>\n | 11<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/h1>\nV. Roma, Bizans ve Orta \u00c7a\u011f \u0130sim Varyasyonlar\u0131<\/b><\/h2>\n<\/h1>\nAmastris, M\u00d6 301’den itibaren bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcre boyunca b\u00f6lgedeki bask\u0131n toponim olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Roma hakimiyeti (M\u00d6 66 sonras\u0131) alt\u0131nda da isim s\u00fcreklili\u011fini korumu\u015ftur.<\/span>5<\/span> Bizans d\u00f6neminde ise stratejik \u00f6nemi artm\u0131\u015f, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Gangra’n\u0131n suffragan piskoposlu\u011fu iken, 940 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde metropolitli\u011fe y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir.<\/span>4<\/span> Bu d\u00f6nemde, Rus sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda kent, eski geni\u015fli\u011finden feragat ederek surlar i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/span>4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h1>\nOrta \u00c7a\u011f’da Fonetik Sadele\u015fme: Amastri ve Samastro<\/b><\/h3>\n<\/h1>\nOrta \u00c7a\u011f’da Amastris, Karadeniz ticaretinde \u00f6nemli bir merkez olarak kald\u0131. Ge\u00e7 Antik D\u00f6nemde ba\u015flayan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonu veya 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda kentin Cenoval\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcndeki bir koloni haline gelmesiyle zirveye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span>4<\/span><\/p>\nCenoval\u0131 haritac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan portolan haritalar\u0131nda <\/span>14<\/span>, kentin isminde fonetik sadele\u015fmelerin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130talyanca ve denizcilik diline adapte edilen isimler aras\u0131nda <\/span>Amastri<\/b> varyasyonu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/span>17<\/span> Bu d\u00f6neme ait Cenova armalar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/span>17<\/span>, Cenova etkisini kan\u0131tlar. Bu varyasyonlar, Yunanca \u1f0c\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2’teki karma\u015f\u0131k ses yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, ticari pratiklik nedeniyle sadele\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Orta \u00c7a\u011f varyasyonlar\u0131, ismin fonetik olarak sadele\u015fmesinin (Amastris $\\rightarrow$ Amastri) T\u00fcrk\u00e7e adaptasyondan \u00f6nce ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 denizcilik diline adapte edildi\u011fini ortaya koyar.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h1>\nVI. Amastris’ten Amasra’ya: T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015fme S\u00fcreci ve Fonetik Evrim<\/b><\/h2>\nKentin son isim de\u011fi\u015fimi, Fatih Sultan Mehmet’in 1460 y\u0131l\u0131nda kenti Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na katmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan dilsel adaptasyon s\u00fcrecidir.<\/span>6<\/span> Modern <\/span>\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627<\/b> ismi, do\u011frudan <\/span>\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/span><\/i> isminin basit bir \u00e7evirisi de\u011fil, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e fonetik kurallar\u0131na dayal\u0131, zamanla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir sadele\u015fmenin sonucudur.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h1>\nA. Dilbilimsel Mekanizma: Haploloji (Hece D\u00fc\u015fmesi)<\/b><\/h3>\nAmastris isminin T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye adaptasyonunda g\u00f6zlemlenen temel dilbilimsel olay, <\/span>haploloji<\/b> (hece d\u00fc\u015fmesi veya tekle\u015fmesi) mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>18<\/span> Haploloji, yan yana gelen ayn\u0131 veya benzer hecelerin, kolay s\u00f6yleyi\u015f amac\u0131yla zamanla birinin eriyip kaybolmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\nHelenistik\/Roma ismindeki \/s-t-r\/ veya \/s-t-ri\/ ses gruplar\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e foneti\u011finde zorluk yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in <\/span>18<\/span>, halk dilinde sadele\u015fme e\u011filimi g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, <\/span>\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/span><\/i> (veya Orta \u00c7a\u011f formu <\/span>Amastri<\/span><\/i>) isminin, daha ak\u0131c\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00f6zg\u00fc olan <\/span>\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627<\/b> formuna evrilmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, Anadolu toponimisinin genel bir trendidir; yabanc\u0131 k\u00f6kenli, uzun ve karma\u015f\u0131k isimlerin, yerel konu\u015fanlar taraf\u0131ndan pratiklik nedeniyle k\u0131salt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve basitle\u015ftirilmesi yayg\u0131nd\u0131r (\u00d6rn: H\u0131sn-\u0131 Mansur $\\rightarrow$ Ad\u0131yaman <\/span>19<\/span>). Amasra isminin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, toponimin dilsel dirence de\u011fil, dilsel ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa tabi oldu\u011funun bir kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h1>\nB. \u0130simsel S\u00fcreklilik<\/b><\/h3>\nAmasra isminin, antik Amastris isminin k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc korumu\u015f olmas\u0131, bu ismin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihsel ve idari \u00f6nemin Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde dahi tamamen terk edilmedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Kentin ismine tamamen yeni bir T\u00fcrk\u00e7e isim verilmemi\u015f, sadece mevcut ismin fonetik olarak ‘evcille\u015ftirilmesi’ yolu se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Bu durum, Amasra’n\u0131n \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 tarihinin kesintisiz bir \u015fekilde devam etti\u011finin dilsel bir i\u015faretidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h1>\nVII. Sonu\u00e7 ve Miras<\/b><\/h2>\nAmasra’n\u0131n toponimik tarih\u00e7esi, M\u00d6 8. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar Paphlagonia b\u00f6lgesinin jeopolitik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerini m\u00fckemmel bir \u015fekilde yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Kentin isimleri, yerel, hanedanl\u0131k ve dilsel adaptasyon katmanlar\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h1>\nA. Toponimi Tarih\u00e7esinin \u00d6zeti<\/b><\/h3>\nKentin tarihi, Sesamos (yerel, Homeros’a dayanan), Amastris (siyasi, Pers soylu) ve Amasra (fonetik adaptasyon) olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 ana isim \u00fczerinden okunabilir:<\/span><\/p>\nTablo 1: Amasra’n\u0131n Ana Tarihsel \u0130simleri ve K\u00f6ken \u00d6zeti<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h1>\n\n\n\n| \u0130sim (Toponym)<\/b><\/td>\n | Kullan\u0131m D\u00f6nemi (Yakla\u015f\u0131k)<\/b><\/td>\n | Dilsel K\u00f6ken<\/b><\/td>\n | Tarihsel Kurucu\/\u0130sim Verici Olay<\/b><\/td>\n | Temel Kaynak Referans\u0131<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Sesamos (\u03a3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2)<\/span><\/td>\n | M\u00d6 7. Y\u00fczy\u0131l (Homeros) \u2013 M\u00d6 4. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Sonu<\/span><\/td>\n | \u00d6n-Helen\/Paphlagonya? (Muhtemel Halk Etimolojisi: Susam)<\/span><\/td>\n | Erken Miletos kolonizasyonu \u00f6ncesi yerel halk<\/span><\/td>\n | 1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Amastris (\u1f0c\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2)<\/span><\/td>\n | M\u00d6 301 \u2013 15. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Ortas\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n | Eski Pers\u00e7e (<\/span>Am\u0101str\u012b-<\/span><\/i> \/ “G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Kad\u0131n”)<\/span><\/td>\n | Krali\u00e7e Amastris’in <\/span>Synoikismos<\/span><\/i> eylemi<\/span><\/td>\n | 5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Amastri \/ Samastro<\/span><\/td>\n | 13. Y\u00fczy\u0131l \u2013 15. Y\u00fczy\u0131l<\/span><\/td>\n | Amastris’ten t\u00fcreme varyantlar (\u0130talyan\/Ceneviz adaptasyonu)<\/span><\/td>\n | Ceneviz Kolonisi d\u00f6nemi ticari kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n | 4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n | | | | | | | | |